Substance guides

Alcohol and fertility: How drinking affects conception

Published November 8, 2024 · 6 min read · Updated April 2026

Reviewed for accuracy by licensed clinical professionals.

Alcohol impairs fertility through multiple mechanisms in both men and women, with effects beginning at moderate consumption levels.

In women

Disrupts menstrual cycle regularity. Impairs ovulation. Reduces egg quality. Increases time to conception. Increases miscarriage risk. Even moderate drinking (3-6 drinks/week) measurably reduces fertility.

In men

Reduces testosterone and sperm production. Impairs sperm quality (morphology and motility). Erectile dysfunction with heavy use. Effects are dose-dependent and reversible with abstinence.

Recommendations

Eliminate alcohol when actively trying to conceive. Both partners should reduce or eliminate alcohol. No safe level during pregnancy. Fertility typically improves within 3-6 months of abstinence.

Authoritative sources

This article references guidelines from: NIDA · SAMHSA · CDC

Frequently asked questions

Does alcohol affect fertility?

Yes, in both sexes. Even moderate drinking reduces fertility. Heavy drinking significantly impairs conception.

How long after quitting does fertility improve?

Sperm quality improves within 3 months. Menstrual regularity within 2-3 cycles. Full fertility recovery within 3-6 months.

Should I quit drinking while trying to conceive?

Both partners should eliminate or significantly reduce alcohol when trying to conceive.

Disclaimer: Informational only. Not medical advice. SAMHSA: 1-800-662-4357.