Substance guides

Medications for alcohol use disorder: The options your doctor should discuss

Published March 5, 2025 · 7 min read · Updated April 2026

Reviewed for accuracy by licensed clinical professionals.

Three FDA-approved medications effectively treat alcohol use disorder. Most people with AUD are never told they exist.

Naltrexone

Blocks opioid receptors, reducing the pleasurable effects of alcohol. Available as daily pill or monthly injection (Vivitrol). Reduces heavy drinking days by 25%. Can be prescribed by any physician.

Acamprosate (Campral)

Restores GABA balance disrupted by chronic alcohol use. Reduces cravings and post-acute withdrawal symptoms. Most effective after detoxification is complete.

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Creates an aversive reaction (nausea, flushing, headache) when alcohol is consumed. Works through deterrence. Requires high motivation and compliance. Less commonly used than naltrexone or acamprosate.

The gap

Fewer than 10% of people with AUD receive any medication despite strong evidence. If your doctor does not discuss these options, ask.

Authoritative sources

This article references guidelines from: NIDA · SAMHSA · CDC

Frequently asked questions

How do I find help?

Call SAMHSA at 1-800-662-4357 or search our directory.

Is treatment effective?

Yes. Evidence-based treatment works.

Does insurance cover this?

Yes under the Mental Health Parity Act.

Disclaimer: Informational only. Not medical advice. SAMHSA: 1-800-662-4357.

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