Substance guides

What is Narcan? The overdose-reversing medication everyone should know

Published July 10, 2025 · 7 min read · Updated April 2026

Reviewed for accuracy by licensed clinical professionals.

Narcan (naloxone nasal spray) reverses opioid overdose within minutes. It is available over the counter, has no abuse potential, and cannot harm someone who has not taken opioids.

What it does

Narcan blocks opioid receptors, reversing respiratory depression within 2-5 minutes. Effects last 30-90 minutes. It is specific to opioids and has no effect on alcohol, benzodiazepine, or stimulant overdoses (but is safe to give when unsure).

Who should carry it

Anyone who knows someone who uses opioids. Family members of people with opioid use disorder. First responders. People prescribed high-dose opioids. Recovery community members. Honestly, everyone.

How to get it

Over the counter at most pharmacies without prescription. Free from harm reduction organizations. Covered by most insurance and Medicaid. Online ordering available in some states.

Cost

$35-$75 over the counter. Free from many programs. Insurance copay $0-$20.

Authoritative sources

This article references guidelines from: SAMHSA · NIDA · ASAM

Frequently asked questions

What is Narcan?

Naloxone nasal spray that reverses opioid overdose within minutes. Available OTC at pharmacies.

Can Narcan hurt someone?

No. Narcan has no effect on someone who has not taken opioids. It is safe to administer when unsure.

How do I use Narcan?

Insert nozzle in one nostril, press plunger. If no response in 2-3 minutes, repeat in other nostril. Call 911.

Disclaimer: Informational only. Not medical advice. SAMHSA: 1-800-662-4357.