Substance guides

How to use Narcan (naloxone): Step-by-step guide

Published October 3, 2025 · 6 min read · Updated April 2026

Reviewed for accuracy by licensed clinical professionals.

Narcan (naloxone nasal spray) is available over the counter and can reverse opioid overdose in minutes. Everyone should know how to use it.

When to use it

Person is unresponsive. Breathing is slow, shallow, or stopped. Lips or fingertips are blue. Pinpoint pupils. You suspect opioid involvement (or are unsure, as naloxone is safe either way).

Step-by-step

1. Call 911. 2. Place person on their back. 3. Remove Narcan from packaging. 4. Insert nozzle into one nostril. 5. Press plunger firmly to deliver entire dose. 6. If no response in 2-3 minutes, give second dose in the other nostril. 7. Place in recovery position (on their side). 8. Begin rescue breathing if they are not breathing. 9. Stay until paramedics arrive.

After Narcan works

The person may wake up confused and in withdrawal. They may be agitated. Explain what happened. Do NOT let them leave, as naloxone wears off in 30-90 minutes and they may re-overdose. Keep them with you until paramedics arrive.

Where to get Narcan

Available over the counter at most pharmacies. Free from many harm reduction organizations. Covered by most insurance and Medicaid.

Authoritative sources

This article references guidelines from: SAMHSA · NIDA · ASAM

Frequently asked questions

How do I use Narcan nasal spray?

Insert nozzle in one nostril, press plunger firmly. If no response in 2-3 minutes, repeat in the other nostril.

Can Narcan hurt someone?

No. Naloxone has no effect on someone who has not taken opioids. It is safe to give even when unsure about the substance involved.

Where can I get free Narcan?

Harm reduction organizations, some pharmacies, and community health programs provide free naloxone. It is also available OTC at most pharmacies.

Disclaimer: Informational only. Not medical advice. SAMHSA: 1-800-662-4357.