Recovery & aftercare

Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP): How it works

Published December 15, 2024 · 7 min read · Updated April 2026

Reviewed for accuracy by licensed clinical professionals.

MBRP combines mindfulness meditation practices with relapse prevention strategies. Research shows it is as effective as standard relapse prevention and may produce longer-lasting results.

Core practices

Urge surfing: observing cravings with curiosity rather than fighting them, noticing them rise and fall. Body scan: identifying physical sensations associated with triggers and stress before they escalate. Mindful breathing: anchoring attention in the present moment during high-risk situations.

How it differs from standard RP

Standard relapse prevention teaches cognitive coping (changing thoughts). MBRP adds experiential coping (changing your relationship to thoughts and sensations). Rather than fighting cravings, you observe them without reacting.

The evidence

Multiple randomized trials show MBRP reduces substance use and craving. Benefits may increase over time (unlike some interventions that fade). Particularly effective for people who have completed initial treatment.

Authoritative sources

This article references guidelines from: SAMHSA · NIDA · ASAM

Frequently asked questions

What is mindfulness-based relapse prevention?

An evidence-based approach combining mindfulness practices (urge surfing, body scan) with relapse prevention strategies.

Does MBRP work?

Yes. Research shows comparable effectiveness to standard relapse prevention with potentially longer-lasting benefits.

Do I need meditation experience for MBRP?

No. The program teaches meditation from scratch. No prior experience required.

Disclaimer: Informational only. Not medical advice. SAMHSA: 1-800-662-4357.