Substance guides
Complete naloxone guide: How to save a life
Naloxone (brand name Narcan) reverses opioid overdose within minutes. It is safe, effective, and available without a prescription.
How it works
Naloxone blocks opioid receptors, reversing respiratory depression (the mechanism of overdose death). It works within 2-5 minutes. It wears off in 30-90 minutes (the person may re-overdose if the opioid outlasts naloxone).
How to administer
Nasal spray: insert into one nostril, press plunger firmly. If no response in 2-3 minutes, give second dose in other nostril. Intramuscular injection: inject into outer thigh or upper arm through clothing if necessary.
After administering
Call 911 immediately. Place person in recovery position (on their side). Stay until emergency services arrive. Be prepared: the person may wake up confused, agitated, or in withdrawal. Do NOT let them leave, as the opioid may outlast the naloxone.
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Disclaimer: Informational only. Not medical advice. SAMHSA: 1-800-662-4357.