Substance guides

Naloxone (Narcan) guide: How to save a life from opioid overdose

Published April 1, 2025 · 7 min read · Updated April 2026

Reviewed for accuracy by licensed clinical professionals.

What naloxone does

Naloxone reverses opioid overdose by blocking opioid receptors. It works within 2-5 minutes and lasts 30-90 minutes. It has no effect on someone who has not taken opioids. It cannot be abused. It has no side effects in non-opioid users.

How to get it

Available over the counter at most pharmacies without a prescription. Free through many harm reduction organizations. Covered by most insurance and Medicaid. Online ordering is available in some states.

How to use it

Recognize overdose: unresponsive, slow or stopped breathing, blue lips. Call 911. Administer naloxone: nasal spray (Narcan) into one nostril, or intramuscular injection into outer thigh. Begin rescue breathing. If no response in 2-3 minutes, administer second dose.

Good Samaritan laws

Most states have Good Samaritan laws protecting people who call 911 for an overdose from prosecution for drug possession. These laws exist to encourage calling for help without fear of arrest.

Authoritative sources

This article references guidelines from: NIDA · SAMHSA · CDC

Frequently asked questions

How do I find help?

Call SAMHSA at 1-800-662-4357 for free confidential referrals, or search our directory.

Is treatment covered by insurance?

Most insurance covers substance use treatment under the Mental Health Parity Act.

Can I get help anonymously?

SAMHSA helpline is confidential. Many recovery meetings and resources maintain anonymity.

Disclaimer: Informational only. Not medical advice. SAMHSA: 1-800-662-4357.