Substance guides

Overdose prevention guide: How to keep people alive

Published October 3, 2024 · 8 min read · Updated April 2026

Reviewed for accuracy by licensed clinical professionals.

Overdose is preventable. Every death from overdose represents a failure of systems, not people. These strategies save lives.

Know the signs

Opioid: slow/stopped breathing, blue lips, pinpoint pupils, unresponsive. Stimulant: chest pain, seizures, extreme agitation, high temperature. Alcohol: unresponsive, slow breathing, cold skin. Benzodiazepine: extreme sedation, slow breathing.

Carry naloxone

Available OTC. No side effects in non-opioid users. Effective within 2-5 minutes. Every household with opioid use should have it. Free from many harm reduction organizations.

Use fentanyl test strips

Test any substance of uncertain origin before use. Available from harm reduction organizations. Not 100% reliable but significantly reduce risk.

Never use alone

The single most effective overdose prevention strategy. If someone is present, they can call 911 and administer naloxone. Never Use Alone Hotline: 1-800-484-3731.

Good Samaritan laws

Most states protect people who call 911 for overdose from drug possession prosecution. The law exists to save lives. Call 911 without fear.

Authoritative sources

This article references guidelines from: NIDA · SAMHSA · CDC

Frequently asked questions

How do I prevent overdose?

Carry naloxone, use fentanyl test strips, never use alone, start with small doses, and avoid mixing substances.

What is the Never Use Alone hotline?

1-800-484-3731. An operator stays on the phone while you use and calls 911 if you stop responding.

Where do I get naloxone?

Over the counter at most pharmacies. Free from harm reduction organizations. Covered by most insurance.

Disclaimer: Informational only. Not medical advice. SAMHSA: 1-800-662-4357.